Essay about Symbolism in The Chrysanthemums by John...

Symbolism in The Chrysanthemums by John Steinbeck At first glance John Steinbecks The Chrysanthemums seems to be a story of a woman whose niche is in the garden. Upon deeper inspection, the story reveals strong symbolisms of children, vulnerability, and connection--being the most important, of the main character. Elisa Allen is the main character who is at her strongest and most proud in the garden and weakened when she becomes vulnerable and loses her connection to the outer world. Elisa shows a new aura of confidence when she makes this connection to a peddler, who also is the cause of her realization of reality and her crying. The chrysanthemums symbolize Elisas children. She tends her garden and handles†¦show more content†¦She is happy and pleased by her ability to nurture the chrysanthemums as she would her children. Elisas vulnerability is shown through her experience with the peddler shows an interest in the chrysanthemums when he describes them as a quick puff of colored smoke (223). By admiring the chrysanthemums, he figuratively admires Elisa Allen. The peddler gives Elisa a connection that she cant do with anyone else. By giving him the pot to put the chrysanthemum seedlings in, she gives him the symbol of her inner-self. She begins to feel hope as the peddler leaves. She dresses up nice and prepares for her night out with her husband. This preparation process symbolizes that she is preparing for a change in her life. Her washing and dressing is symbolic of her transition. Tearing off her soiled clothes and flinging them into the corner, she scrubbed herself with a little block of pumice, legs and thighs, loins and chest and arms, until her skin was scratched and red. This is symbolic of Elisa coming out of her old being, releasing a newness she had become to know. She tightened her stomach and threw out her chestShe put on her newest under-clothing and her nicest stocking and the dress which was the symbol of her prettiness. She worked carefully on her hair, penciled her eyebrows and rouged her lips. All of this is brought about because one man took interest in herShow MoreRelatedSymbolism in the Chrysanthemums by John Steinbeck1758 Words   |  8 PagesJohn Steinbecks The Chrysanthemums is a story that is full of symbolism. After the first read, it might seem like an innocent tale about a woman and her garden. However, upon further examination, the reader learns it is actually a story about a womans desires and frustrations in her life. Steinbeck uses many examples, such as the flowers to symbolize the thoughts and ideas of the main character, Elisa, in this story. Elisa Allen is a lonesome woman who gets pleasure from growingRead MoreSymbolism in The Chrysanthemums by John Steinbeck Essay1547 Words   |  7 PagesSymbolism in The Chrysanthemums by John Steinbeck The Chrysanthemums, one of John Steinbecks masterpieces, describes a lonely farmers wife, Elisa Allen. Elisa Allens physical appearance is very mannish yet still allows a hint of a feminine side to peek through. John Steinbeck brings symbolism into play to represent Elisa Allens frustrations and hidden passions. Isolation is another representation through symbolism found in The Chrysanthemums. Elisas failing detached marriage is representedRead MoreEssay on Symbolism in The Chrysanthemums by John Steinbeck1179 Words   |  5 PagesSymbolism in The Chrysanthemums by John Steinbeck A symbol is an act, person, thing, or spectacle that stands for something else, by association a usually broader idea in addition to its own literal meaning (Cassill Bausch, 1728). John Steinbecks The Chrysanthemums may seem as a story describing a simple day with the Allen couple. It begins with Elisa Allen working in her garden and her husband, Henry Allen, negotiating with two suited business men that want to purchase steers. TheyRead MoreComparing John Steinbeck s Mice And Men And The Grapes Of Wrath1126 Words   |  5 PagesComparing and Contrasting Steinbeck John Steinbeck is a famous author known for many of his short stories, as well as the books Of Mice and Men and The Grapes of Wrath. His works have been studied and analyzed often because of his unique ability to create symbolism from small amounts of text. â€Å"The Chrysanthemums† is a short story written by John Steinbeck, and was first published in 1939. It tells the story of a woman who feels she is capable of completing any task a man can, but is set back byRead More The Chrysanthemums Essay1649 Words   |  7 PagesJohn Steinbeck’s, The Chrysanthemums, was published in 1938 in a book of short stories, entitled The Long Valley. The Chrysanthemums has been a rather powerful draw for scholars because of its wide gap for interpretations and analysis of its main protagonist character, Elisa Allen and also the unique descriptions used to portray the deeper meaning behind the setting of the story. Themes of sexuality, oppression of women, as well as other numerous typ es of conflict portrayed in this rather somberRead MoreThe Chrysanthemums By John Steinbeck982 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"The Chrysanthemums† is a short story written by John Steinbeck. The story was originally published in 1937 before later being released as a part of his The Long Valley collection. This is an important story as it expresses women in a way that is more realistic, showing their true boredom, ambition, and capabilities. Some scholars interpreted this story differently, but C. Kenneth Pellow interprets it as â€Å"radically feministic.† The Great Depression was finally ending and women’s rights were risingRead MoreThe Chrysanthemums973 Words   |  4 Pages Prompt: How do the chrysanthemums as well as other symbols throughout the short story show women’s role in society? A Potential for Equality   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Humans, just as flowers, cannot fully live without sunlight. They cannot develop without nourishment, and most of all they cannot flourish if not carefully tended to. Just as the Chrysanthemums fight to stay strong and meaningful in the short story, â€Å"The Chrysanthemums† by John Steinbeck, the main character, Emily, tries to do the same. BothRead MoreAlice Munros Boys and Girls and John Steinbecks The Chrysanthemums1455 Words   |  6 Pagesand taking care of the children. While this stereotype does not exist as much in the 21st century, it was very prevalent in the 1900s. By using many different literary tools such as character development, symbolism, and setting, Alice Munro’s Boys and Girls and John Steinbeck’s The Chrysanthemums challenge this controversial topic of the treatment of women versus men in the 1900s. Munro uses a fox farm for the setting of Boys and Girls to bring out many of the social issues between genders. WhileRead MoreThe Chrysanthemums Symbolism Analysis1040 Words   |  5 PagesMale Dominance Revealed Through Symbolism in The Chrysanthemums In Steinbeck’s â€Å"The Chrysanthemum† a story is told of a woman who loves to garden and tend to her beautiful chrysanthemums, a husband who tends to the matters of business on the ranch, and the strange encounter with a tinkerer. Each of these aspects create the story, but there is more depth than what meets the eye. Through Steinbeck’s short story one can recognize many symbols that represent the different gender roles of men andRead MoreLiterary Analysis the Chrysanthemums1128 Words   |  5 PagesProfessor Course Date: Chrysanthemums: Literary Criticism At the turn of the 20th century, women were considered inferior to men: they were only required to stay at home, take care of households and children. â€Å"The Chrysanthemums†, as told by John Steinbeck, is a story of a woman during that period who tries to change the course of her destiny. In this story, the two-fold issues of femininity and symbolism play a critical part in explaining this helplessness. Steinbeck uses the narrative to signify

The Construction Of The Walterdale Bridge Project...

Introduction The Walterdale Bridge started construction in Edmonton, Alberta, July 2013 with an estimated completion of fall 2015. The year is now 2016 with a completion date of 2017. The project was first established with a purpose to replace the pre-existing bridge built between 1912 - 1913, which according to the city of Edmonton (2016) is reaching the end of its service life. The Walterdale Bridge will connect the intersection of Queen Elizabeth Park Road and Walterdale Hill on the River’s south side, to the River Valley Road/Rossdale Road/105 street intersection on the north side. By conducting a critical analysis of the project, from the project management perspective and using the project management methodologies as stated in the Project Management Body of Knowledge, this case analysis will analyze the issues, failures, and causes that plague the Walterdale Bridge project. Firstly, to select a general contractor the city of Edmonton sent out a tender to six pre-qualified companies as an invitation to bid. The Pre-Qualified bidders according to the Canadian public tender service MERX (2016) were: Acciona / Pacer Joint Venture, Ferovial Agroman Canada, Inc / Surespan Construction Ltd., Flatiron Constructors Canada Limited, Graham Infrastructure LP, Kiewit Management Co., and PCL Construction Management Inc. After an extensive bidding process, the city of Edmonton chose Acciona Pacer Joint Venture (APJV) as the general contractor for the project (CBC, 2016). Cause and

Discrimination at Work Psychological and Organizational Bases

Question: Discuss about the Discrimination at work for the psychological and organizational bases. Answer: Culture and Diversity Todays organizations consist of people from different parts of the world that creates a dynamic multiracial and multicultural organization. Cultural diversity is at the highest point today than it has ever been (Wood Wilberger, 2015). Therefore, it is important to understand the issues of cultural diversity for the long term survival of the organization or society as a whole. Some of the major issues of cultural diversity are: Favoritism and prejudice: Favoritism and prejudice on the basis of culture is a major issue as it provides opportunities to individuals who belongs to a cultural-fit group and prejudices against individuals of other cultural identities. Prejudices can be described as unjustified negative attitude towards individuals with different cultural backgrounds. It creates an unhealthy organization setting and disrupts the path of organizational success. People are unmotivated and it blocks the path of creativity (Skorinko et al., 2015). Stereotyping: An organization is made up of people with different racial and ethnic identity. Unfortunately some individuals harbor unfair generalizations against people of different colors, cultures, ethnicity or religion. Stereotyping puts individuals of different background in a common mold and strips the individual of their personality. Cultural stereotypes limit the personal and professional development opportunity for an individual in an organization. It creates problems of communication and interpersonal relationships (Moran et al., 2014). Discrimination: Culture discrimination is exclusion, restriction or biasness aimed at an individual based on the real or perceived differences in cultural beliefs and values. Discrimination can be in the form of harassment, denial of equal opportunity, racisms or religious intolerance. For instance, if an individual is required to dress in a certain manner due to religious or cultural beliefs that others find offensive it creates the problems in the organization. It leads to disoriented and unsatisfied people in an organization and society (Dipboye Colella, 2013). References Dipboye, R. L., Colella, A. (Eds.). (2013). Discrimination at work: The psychological and organizational bases. Psychology Press. Moran, R. T., Abramson, N. R., Moran, S. V. (2014). Managing cultural differences. Routledge. Skorinko, J. L., Lun, J., Sinclair, S., Marotta, S. A., Calanchini, J., Paris, M. H. (2015). Reducing Prejudice Across Cultures via Social Tuning. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 6(4), 363-372. Wood, V. R., Wilberger, J. S. (2015). Globalization, Cultural Diversity and Organizational Commitment: Theoretical Underpinnings. World, 6(2).

Poem Analysis I Saw in Louisiana a Live Oak Growing Essay Example

Poem Analysis: I Saw in Louisiana a Live Oak Growing Paper Growing I chose to explicate the poem I Saw in Louisiana a Live Oak Growing by Walt Whitman. The beautiful thing about poetry Is that there can be various meanings depending on the reader. When I first read this poem I enjoyed It. However, I did not truly take pleasure in this poem until reading it over and over again. After rereading the poem time and time again, I discovered new and exciting details. This poem can be interpreted in many ways. If you are pessimistic you will envision the poem much differently than an optimistic reader would. This poem dramatists the inner issue of the speaker when it comes to self-sufficiency as he/she compares themselves to a tree. I have taken the time to pick apart each and every line of this poem In order to discover the true meaning that Walt Whitman wished to create. First and foremost, the title is of great significance. The title I Saw in Louisiana a Live Oak Growing, lets the reader know that the subject is one person. We also find out the setting of the poem, which is Louisiana. The word â€Å"growing† leads us to believe that the growing Is being done right in front of the subject. Growing literally means to spring up and develop to maturity. Since the poem has the word growing In It, I Immediately thought that act of growing may be pertinent to the subject In the poem. We will write a custom essay sample on Poem Analysis: I Saw in Louisiana a Live Oak Growing specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Poem Analysis: I Saw in Louisiana a Live Oak Growing specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Poem Analysis: I Saw in Louisiana a Live Oak Growing specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In simple terms, I assumed that the poem was going to be about the observation of a tree in Louisiana. Furthermore, little is known about the speaker. We simply know that the speaker is one person, we are not sure about the sex or age. The first line of the poem is a restatement of the title. This Is followed by the line â€Å"All alone stood It and the moss hung down from the branches†. The speaker Is Informing us that the tree Is alone, meaning the tree is separated from others. We also discover that the tree branches are adorned with moss, which is a type of plant. The speaker has enabled the reader to picture this tree in their mind. In the next few lines we were reminded that the tree was situated in a space isolated from everything else. Whitman writes, â€Å"Without any companion, it grew there uttering Joyous leaves of dark green†. Not only do we know that moss covers the tree, but we now find out that the tree has dark green leaves. The word â€Å"uttering† In this line means that the tree Is making a statement or paving public expression. This refers to the leaves that dangle from the tree. The tree’s looks are further described as â€Å"rude, unbending and lusty. This line can easily be confused by the multiple definitions of these words. I believe that in terms of â€Å"rude†, Whitman means the rough and unfinished state of the tree. As far as â€Å"lusty’ goes, I think that Whitman is trying to say that the tree is full of strength. I find this line to be somewhat contradictory. However, I take each deflation Into account when creating ten Image AT ten tree In my mina We continue to learn many characteristics of the tree. At this point, I think that the tree symbolizes self-reliance and independence. As the tree is surviving on it’s own, the speaker in the poem feels as if he/she is not qualified enough to do the same. The characteristics of the tree remind the speaker of himself/herself. I am prompted to think that this person is lacking confidence. The speaker then proceeds to wonder how the tree is able to expel such beauty all alone without the help of a friend or lover. We then surely find out that the speaker does not believe that they are able to o the same without the assistance and guidance of others. He or she may be dependent on others. I also begin to question the speakers reasoning for doubting himself/herself. There must have been an incidence that has led the speaker to think that he/she needs the help of friends. Through the next few lines the speaker breaks off a twig from the tree and winds some moss around it. I first thought that the speaker could be trying to destroy the tree. However, the way the speaker handles the twig leads me to think that he/she wants to be like the tree. â€Å"l have it placed in sight in my room†. He/she has the twig placed so that they can admire the twig and be reminded of the beautiful tree that is capable of so much. This twig may help the speaker to be more reliant on themselves. The twig may act as a positive influence for the speaker. The moss makes the twig more appealing, I think that it gives the twig character and backbone. â€Å"It is not needed to remind me as of my own dear friends, (for I believe lately I think of little else than of them)†. This line was difficult to explain and understand. The speaker is implying that there is not much to think of other than their friends. I question the loyalty and presence of the speaker’s friends. I wonder if the friends of the speaker do not treat him/her well or if they have betrayed him/her. There is definitely a reason why the speaker is thinking of his/her friends so much. The thought of the tree and it’s independence causes the speaker to be curious. I believe that the speaker is interested in how the tree can be skilled enough to accomplish so much while being unaccompanied. â€Å"–it makes me think of manly love† writes Whitman about the tree. In this line I think Whitman is addressing the issue of love. The surprising capabilities of the tree prompt him to think of the strong affection possessed by a man. I believe that Whitman is comparing the unexpected happenings of love to the abilities of the tree and life itself. Both of these ideas present an obstacle in the eyes of the speaker. â€Å".. And thought the live oak glistens there in Louisiana, solitary, in a wide flat space†. The word â€Å"glistens† in this line grabs my attention. The speaker is trying to dramatist the magnificence that he/she has found in the tree. Glisten is defined as a sparkling or lustrous reflection. This word ally stresses the beauty found in the tree. Solitary’ also accentuates the idea that the tree is abandoned and alone without companions. Whitman concludes the poem by writing â€Å"l know very well I could not†. This line is grounds for believing that the speaker lacks confidence. He/she has spent a great amount of time admiring and appreciating this oak tree in Louisiana. They have recognized the amazing capabilities that this tree possesses. However, there is a surprising twist to this poem. The speaker clearly announces that he/she is not adept to do the same. The speaker in the poem does not have faith in themselves. At first, I tongue Tanat ten immolation may De Jealousy towards ten tree, out ten way ten speaker shows respect towards the tree leads me to believe otherwise. It is amazing that a small thirteen line poem can verbalize so much. I Saw in Louisiana a Live Oak Growing does not appear to have any rhythmic pattern. I did notice that the poet repeats certain phrases and lines throughout the poem. For example, in lines 3 and 12, Whitman writes â€Å"uttering Joyous leaves†. After picking apart each line in this poem, I was able to gather a greater understanding of exactly what Walt Whitman was trying to depict.

buy custom Attention and Concentration in Sports and Exercise

buy custom Attention and Concentration in Sports and Exercise Importance of Attention and Concentration for Athlete Abstract The ability to pay attention and concentrate is one of the most important areas in the psychology of sports. Athletes and sportsmen are likely to be disrupted by booze and buzz that comes with the sports celebrity status. Thus there is a need to ensure that an athlete continues to concentrate and pay attention to the game instead of focusing on distractions. Even in circumstances where the athletes are sure they would lose the game, they must continue to fight until the end of the game. Without concentrating and paying attention to the main objective, athletes are likely to focus on irrelevant cues while ignoring the important ones. Sport psychologists have come up with ways to help athletes and sportsmen to focus their attention and concentration on critical parts of the game, thus avoiding distractions. But sometimes they need training so that they can improve their performance in sports. This paper is a research paper that explores the issues that are related to concentration and attention in sports and exercise. Key words: concentration, attention, sports, athletes, psychology

How Your Actions May Be Unintentionally Racist

How Your Actions May Be Unintentionally Racist In the aftermath of the presidential election of 2016, many people have experienced relationship blowouts with friends, family, romantic partners, and colleagues over accusations of racism. Many of those who voted for Donald Trump have found themselves accused of being racist, as well as sexist, misogynist, homophobic, and xenophobic. Those making the accusations feel this way because they associate these forms of discrimination with the candidate himself, on account of statements he made and behaviors he displayed throughout the campaign, and the likely outcomes of policies and practices that he supports. But many of those accused find themselves confused and angry at the accusation, and feel that exercising their right to vote for the political candidate of their choice does not make them a racist, nor any other form of oppressor. So, who is in the right? Does voting for a certain political candidate make someone a racist? Can our actions be racist even though we dont mean them to be? Lets consider these questions from a sociological standpoint  and draw on social science theory and research to answer them. Dealing With the R Word When people are accused of being a racist in todays United States they often experience this accusation as an attack on their character. Growing up, we are taught that being racist is bad. It is considered among the worst crimes ever committed on U.S. soil, in the forms of genocide of Native Americans, enslavement of Africans and their descendants, violence and segregation during the Jim Crow era, Japanese internment, and the fierce and violent resistance shown by many to integration and the 1960s movement for Civil Rights, to name just a handful of notable cases. The way that we learn this history suggests that formal, institutional racism- that enforced by law- is a thing of the past. It follows, then, that the attitudes and behaviors among the wider population that worked to enforce racism through informal means is also (mostly) a thing of the past too. We are taught that racists were bad people who lived in our history, and because of that, the problem is largely behind us. So, its understandable that when a person is accused of racism today, it seems a ghastly thing to say, and a nearly unspeakable thing to say directly to a person. This is why, since the election, as this accusation has been hurled between family members, friends, and loved ones, relationships have blown up over social media, text, and in person. In a society that prides itself in being diverse, inclusive, tolerant, and color blind, calling someone a racist is one of the worst insults that can be made. But lost in these accusations and blowups is what racism actually means in todays world, and the diversity of forms that racist actions take. What Racism Is Today Sociologists believe that racism exists when ideas and assumptions about racial categories are used to justify and reproduce a racial hierarchy that unjustly limits access to power, resources, rights, and privileges to some on the basis of race, while at the same time giving unjust amounts of those things to others. Racism also occurs when this kind of unjust social structure is produced by the failure to account for race and the force it exerts in all aspects of society, both historically and today. By this definition of racism, a belief, worldview, or an action is racist when it supports the continuance of this kind of racially imbalanced system of power and privilege. So if you want to know whether an action is racist, then the question to ask about it is: Does it help to reproduce a racial hierarchy that gives some more power, privileges, rights, and resources than others, on the basis of race? Framing the question this way means that a variety of different kinds of thoughts and actions can be defined as racist. These are hardly limited to overt forms of racism that are highlighted in our historical narrative on the problem, like physical violence, using racial slurs, and plainly discriminating against people on the basis of race. By this definition, racism today often takes much more subtle, nuanced, and even hidden forms. To test this theoretical understanding of racism, lets examine some cases in which behavior or actions might have racist consequences, even though a person doesnt identify as a racist or intend for their actions to be racist. Dressing As an Indian for Halloween People who grew up in the 1970s or 80s are very likely to have seen kids dressed as Indians (Native Americans) for Halloween, or have gone as one at some point during their childhood. The costume, which draws on stereotypical portrayals of Native American culture and dress, including feathered headdresses, leather, and fringe clothing, remains fairly popular today and is widely available for men, women, children, and babies from a wide range of costume suppliers. No longer limited to Halloween, elements of the costume have become popular and common elements of outfits worn by attendees of music festivals across the U.S. While its unlikely that anyone who wears such a costume, or dresses their child in one, intends to be racist, dressing as an Indian for Halloween  is not as innocent as it may seem. Thats because the costume itself acts as a racial stereotype- it reduces an entire race of people, one composed of a diverse array of culturally distinct groups, to a small collection of physical elements. Racial stereotypes are dangerous because they play a crucial role in the social process of marginalizing groups of people on the basis of race, and in most cases, stripping those people of their humanity and reducing them to objects. The stereotypical image of the Indian in particular tends to fix Native Americans in the past, suggesting that they are not an important part of the present. This works to divert attention away from systems of economic and racial inequality that continue to exploit and oppress Native Americans today. For these reasons, dressing as an Indian for Halloween, or wearing any k ind of costume that is composed of racial stereotypes, is in fact an act of racism. All Lives Matter The contemporary social movement Black Lives Matter was born in 2013 following the acquittal of the man who killed 17-year-old Trayvon Martin. The movement grew and came to national prominence in 2014 following the police killings of Michael Brown and Freddie Gray. The name of the movement and the widely used hashtag that catalyzed it assert the importance of Black lives because the widespread violence against Black people in the U.S. and the oppression they suffer in a society that is systemically racist suggests that their lives do  not  matter. The history of enslavement of Black people and  racism against them is premised on the belief, whether conscious or not, that their lives are expendable and inconsequential. So, members of the movement and its supporters believe that it is necessary to assert that Black lives do in fact matter, as they draw attention to racism and ways to effectively fight it. Following media attention to the movement, some began to respond to it be stating or writing on social media that all lives matter. Of course, no one can argue with this claim. It is inherently true and rings to many with an air of egalitarianism. To many it is both an obvious and harmless statement. However, when we consider it as a response to the assertion that Black lives matter, we can see that it serves to divert attention from an anti-racist social movement. And, in the context of the racial history and contemporary racism of U.S. society, it works as a rhetorical device that ignores and silences Black voices, and draws attention away from the very real problems of racism that Black Lives Matter seeks to highlight and address. Whether one means to or not, doing so works to preserve the racial hierarchy of white privilege and supremacy. So, in the context of a dire need to listen to Black people when they talk about racism and what we need to do to help end it, stating that all lives matter is a racist act. Voting for Donald Trump Voting in elections is the lifeblood of American democracy. It is both a right and a duty of every citizen, and it has long been considered taboo to denigrate or chastise those whose political views and choices differ from ones own. This is because a democracy composed of multiple parties can only function when respect and cooperation are present. But during 2016, the public comments and political positions of Donald Trump have prompted many to buck the norm of civility. Many have characterized Trump and his supporters as racist, and many relationships have been destroyed in the process. So is it racist to support Trump? To answer that question one has to understand what he represents within the racial context of the U.S. Unfortunately, Donald Trump has a long history of behaving in racist ways. Throughout the campaign and prior to it, Trump made statements that denigrated racial groups and are rooted in dangerous racial stereotypes. His history in business is blighted by examples of discrimination against people of color. Throughout the campaign Trump routinely condoned violence against people of color, and condoned through his silence the white supremacist attitudes and racist actions of people among his supporters. Politically speaking, the policies he supports, like, for example, closing and defunding family planning clinics, those related to immigration and citizenship, overturning the Affordable Healthcare Act, and his proposed income tax brackets which penalize the poor and working classes will specifically harm people of color, at greater rates than they will harm white people, if they are passed into law. In doing so, these policies will help preserve the racial hierarchy of the U.S., white p rivilege, and white supremacy. Those who voted for Trump endorsed these policies, his attitudes, and behaviorall of which fit the sociological definition of racism. So, even if a person doesnt agree that thinking and acting this way is right, even if they themselves dont think and act this way, voting for Donald Trump was an act of racism. This reality is likely a hard pill to swallow for those of you who supported the Republican candidate. The good news is, its never too late to change. If you oppose racism and want to help fight it, there are practical things you can do in your everyday life as individuals, as members of communities, and as citizens of the U.S. to help end racism.

Historical Information for Midrange computers Thesis

Historical Information for Midrange computers - Thesis Example However, by 1998, IBM again emerged as the major producer of the midrange systems. By the year 2002, client-server platforms and midrange computers almost mingled together technology-wise and expanded the sphere of enterprise spanning storage management. In the contemporary business environment, midrange systems are being used for electronic data interchange, B2B communication, and customer relationship management. These systems are becoming increasingly popular. (Datalink, 2007; Rojas, 2001) Client-Server Architecture Midrange computers have been increasingly incorporated in the client-server architecture, which involves synchronized programs in an IT application. The server provides a service to one or more clients that send requests for it. Midrange computers are thus enabled with database access, web access, email exchange, etc., which are based on this architecture. (Berson, 1996) Shared Resources In client-server model, the clients share the resources like database, hardware, a pplications, etc. through a server. Network computing is an apt example of utilizing shared resources. (Berson, 1996) Advantages and Disadvantages Advantages include distribution of responsibilities and roles in a computer system through numerous independent computers, which facilitates decentralization, redundancy, etc. Replacement, repairing, upgrading, and relocating the components of such systems are easier. Disadvantages include server overload and risk of network intrusion. If the server is down, the whole system is down. Peer-to-Peer Structure This system uses distributive application architecture. The member computers of such a system (or network) are equally powerful. (Subramanian and Goodman, 2005) Shared Systems Shared systems in peer-to-peer structure facilitate file and application sharing without the requirement of a central coordination. Peers are consumers as well as suppliers of the resources. (Subramanian and Goodman, 2005) Advantages and Disadvantages Advantages i nclude higher computing power, storage space and bandwidth. Distributive architecture makes the system robust. However, this system lacks effective mechanisms for file security. If a malicious code enters the system through a network node, the entire network may shatter down. Security/Risk with regards to Midrange Technology Privacy: Since midrange technology is primarily client-server model based, privacy can be ensured by implementing appropriate security policies through the central server. (Newman, 2010; Berson, 1996) Disclosure of Data: Information in storage or during transmission through network resources may be disclosed by hacking, spyware, etc. Encryption can be used to solve this problem. (Newman, 2010) Data Access: Technologies like SQL, XML, Web Services, etc. can be used in the midrange computers to facilitate data access secure. (Newman, 2010) Secure Data Deletion: This is a general issue in the context of computers. Hard disc shredding and multiple overwrites are sug gestible in this regard. (University of Pennsylvania, 2011) Key Management: Midrange computer system can provide secured encryption method through a central server along with effective public and private key management. (Ryabko and Fianov, 2005) Audit Rights: Audit rights can be implemented to midrange computing, which will enhance security through account management, system events tracking, recording logons and

Leadership in Public Health Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5250 words

Leadership in Public Health - Assignment Example There is, therefore, need for the Public Health System to develop own leadership theory that addresses the theoretical gaps in current leadership literature. The proposed Personal Public Health Leadership Theory is considered sufficient for public health organizations to attain the desired outcome. An evaluation plan is, however; necessary to determine the effectiveness of the theory, and the quasi-experimental method is considered the most appropriate method. Overall, deficiency in leadership is still evident in the sector of Public Health today; hence more effort is needed to address this major issue. Leadership is an important aspect of Public Health. This has gained more significance in the past years, as various studies on leadership confirm the importance of leadership aspect. The sector of Public Health lacks sufficient literature on leadership. The limited research activities in this area in the field of Public Health can be considered the major cause of this leadership literature deficiency. On the other hand, evidence shows that there is a relationship between leadership and quality of services in an organization (Farrell, 2001). For this reason, it is evident that the quality of the health care system depends on the kind of leadership practice. However, due to insufficient literature to guide leadership in the Public Sector, it means that the quality of services therein is more likely to be compromised. Therefore, this necessitates the adoption of more research on leadership in Public Health.  In this paper, there is a literature review on the aspect of leadership. Ther e are many theoretical gaps in the leadership literature that have been identified, and this is a proof of the unreliability of such literature for application in the Public Health sector. In order to, therefore, adopt an effective leadership theory for the Public Health sector, there is need to address the theoretical gaps in the current literature.

Autobiography - original writing Essay Example for Free

Autobiography original writing Essay I had five months to sort out my work experience placement and thought that I had more than enough time in which to do so. Before long, however, I was called to Mr Williamss office, the man in charge of finalising the work experience. I had just found out that I had overnight to get a placement somewhere, otherwise Ill be stuck in school with year 9 for the week. My ideal placement would be something to do with sports because thats my favourite subject in school but I knew I couldnt find somewhere and get a reply all in one night. The only placement I knew I could go without having to wait for a reply was with my mother! My mother works at Cardiff University in the Biochemistry Unit. Im still not sure exactly what she does, but I think its something along the lines of teaching and researching into cells. Before I knew it work experience had almost arrived. It was very tense around the house; I suppose I was excited because I didnt have a clue what I was going to be doing and also a little scared for the same reason. The first morning was pretty easy because I had no dress code, and as my mother is her own boss, I had no strict hours either. Also I didnt have to be polite around my mother, so I could just be my self. I was sort of expecting it to be boring working with my mother but nothing could prepare me for what I did on my first day. My first chore of the day was to fill, empty, sterilise and prepare bottles for other people. This wasnt very challenging, so I got bored quickly. In the afternoon my mum noticed I was bored, so let me do the jobs she hates. Firstly, she made me sort out the bookshelves in her office. This included sorting out a 6ft long shelf full of catalogues, into alphabetical order and to date. The earliest being from 1992. After finishing that, she put my keyboard skills to good use by making me type out the register on the computer for four of her classes. At the end of my first day I was disappointed for not having had a fun day. I also felt worried in case my whole week would be this boring. The second day was a little bit more challenging. In the morning I had to draw pictures on a computer for my mothers poster. This was irritating because nothing was perfect enough for her. She kept on making me change the smallest details, and I realised that day that she was the fussiest person I knew, but the finished product managed to satisfy her. In the afternoon I worked with my mothers friend, Mike Turner, who works in the Electro Microscopy Unit in the university. This is where they take pictures with really big powerful microscopes. At first I was quite shy because Ive never met him before. I suppose I was expecting him to be a shy brainy man that wouldnt really talk to me. On the contrary, he would not stop talking and make jokes. I felt like I could talk to him easy and that made me feel comfortable beeing there. He sat me down by one of the microscopes and made me look at bugs and flowers through it. This was different and I enjoyed it more than my mothers office, although it got boring after a while sitting in front of a screen just looking at bugs. On the third day, I met another of my mothers friends, Guy Pitt. He is a photographer and developer in the university. I wasnt that nervous because my older sister did the same for her work experience and told me he was the best man to work with, and he was by far the best person who looked after me that week because he thought about what I might like to do. He gave me an expensive camera and sent me around town to take photos of anything. I took pictures of Cardiff Castle and animals like birds and squirrels. In the afternoon I met Mike Turner again and took pictures of cells with his microscope camera. Although he was enthusiastic about the cells I didnt find them that interesting and just pretended to like the pictures I took. The fourth day was the best day of the week. I was in Guys hands for the day. I met him in the morning and he gave me the camera with a new film and sent me to town again and told me to return at two oclock. In town I met a lot of my friends and went shopping and took pictures of a burnt building that was in ruins. When I returned we changed the films into negatives in the dark room by using all sorts of chemicals, and let them dry for Friday. On Friday, Guy and I changed the negatives into real pictures. He was very impressed with the pictures I took of the burnt building and asked if he could keep some. This made me feel good of my self and made me consider a career in photography, maybe sport photography. We finished by eleven oclock so he gave me the afternoon off and I went home. I enjoyed the experience despite having doubts about it at the beginning of the week. The best part of the week was working with Guy, he really made me think about my career.

Social Responsibilities of businesses :: essays research papers

"Outline the argument for and against business having social responsibilities beyond that of making a profit. In the light of this, do you think businesses should make charitable donations to the Tsunami appeal? Justify your answer." 26th April 2005 To best understand the nature of the posed question I propose the articulated finding of the widespread acceptance that cooperate official and labour leaders have a 'social responsibility' that extends beyond the realm of serving shareholder and its members (Friedman 1962, p. 133). The following essay is aimed at highlighting the role of businesses, whether they are to have interest other than solely making profit and if so what groups should benefit from the success of a company. According to Wilson (2004, Vol.23, p. 23) arguments, the nature of existence for business or corporations should be 'everything to do with service to society, and only secondarily to do with profitability.' But this is quite on the contrary to the apparently antediluvian view put forward by corporate executives Friedman and Levitt (cited in Wilson, 2004, Vol.23, p. 23) highlighting '.the business of business is making money, not sweet music.' So why is there discrepancy between the ideal view of business and which should be placed under higher priority the shareholders or stakeholders (society). To understand both points of view we need to identify the party's involved and the relationship they have to the business and business operations. A stockholder (shareholder) is one that owns or holds a share or shares of stock in company, enterprise or organisation (The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition, 2005). Shareholders are the financial backing in the organisation, they are generally people interested in making a profit (in the form of dividends) and they supply capital to the organisation. On the contrary stakeholder are seen as any party that has an interest in an organization. Stakeholders of a company include stockholders, bondholders, customers, suppliers, employees, and so forth (Scott, 2003). Given the definition or both involved parties it is clear to see that the success of the business in making a profit will please the shareholders however, to make long-run profits in turn requires compatibility and complacency from its revenue source; the stakeholders. This requires the need for mission and vision driven company which must be truly responsive to stakeholders not only its shareholders (Wilson, 2004, Vol.23, p.23). These 'social responsibilities' must however be driven directly at the stakeholders involved with the business dealings in order to serve equally the shareholders. A clear example of miss-aimed social contribution and one which resulted in strong shareholder opposition was outlined when a number of Australian companies pledged finances to the tsunami relief effort in

Anne Hathaway

â€Å"Anne Hathaway† by Carol Ann Duffy, the current poet laureate, is a strikingly poignant poem. It is in the persona of Anne Hathaway, Shakespeare’s wife, and is perceived to be the opinion of what she thinks about when she is left the second best bed in his will. The sonnet explores the loss felt by Hathaway as she grieves for her husband. Throughout the poem Duffy effectively uses poetic techniques to explore the feeling of loss felt by Hathaway as she is now a widow. The sonnet form allows Duffy the opportunity to discuss the emotion of loss as it highlights the grief felt by Hathaway perfectly. The title of the poem is interesting as it directly quotes from Shakespeare’s will â€Å"Item I gyve unto my wife†. Using the sonnet form effectively allows the feeling of loss to flow through the poem. Duffy emphasises the words â€Å"living laughing love† by putting stresses on them. This highlights the feeling of loss that she has for her dead husband. Duffy wrote the poem in the persona of Anne Hathaway but did not follow the rules of the sonnet form. If Duffy followed the rules of the sonnet form then the work â€Å"rhyme† would fall on a stress but it doesn’t and this illustrates the flow of the emotion of loss. Duffy describes the bed that Hathaway and Shakespeare made love in as a â€Å"Spinning world†. This gives the idea of it being magical and exciting. Duffy uses metaphors such as â€Å"forests†¦Ã¢â‚¬  to indicate the romance that they shared as it is no longer there and now there is only the feeling of loss. Duffy uses the words â€Å"my lover’s words† and this instantly illustrates the feeling of loss because Hathaway would never be able to hear him speak to her again during romance. Enjambment is effectively used to convey the spilling over of emotions of loss felt by Hathaway as she remembers the romance and the kisses they shared. Duffy creates the idea that there relationship was bright, exciting and out of this world by using the words â€Å"shooting stars†. Duffy reinforces the emotion of loss felt by Hathaway with the words â€Å"these lips†. This highlights the fact that they will never be able to share the magical times they had together again. Duffy does not always stick to the iambic pentameter such as when it comes to the word â€Å"kisses†. This highlights the fact that these are personal and they will never be able to do this again so creating the feeling of loss for her husband. Duffy makes a reference to literature to create the idea that they were made for each other. She uses the words â€Å"a verb dancing in the centre of a noun†. This highlights the fact she will never be able to feel like this with anyone else because Shakespeare was the verb and she was the noun. The poet uses senses to reinforce the importance of the shared experiences Hathaway and Shakespeare had together. Duffy uses the phrase â€Å"by touch, by scent, by taste†. This brings their relationship to life and reinforces the idea that they won’t be able to share this romance again. Although other people sleep in the best bed they will never be able to reach the same level of excitement and romance that Hathaway and Shakespeare shared. Now that Shakespeare is no longer there Hathaway herself will no longer be able to reach the same level of romance and excitement in that bed. The poignant use of alliteration â€Å"my living laughing love† heightens the readers understanding of the emotion of loss felt by Hathaway as it makes the reader realise that she is sad at the death of her husband. In the beginning the poem talks about the bed that they shared and where exciting and magical happened but at the end it tells us of the bed where she was â€Å"held†. This instantly makes the reader feel sad as Hathaway has to deal with the emotion of loss and grief. Throughout the poem Duffy effectively creates the emotion of loss. The emotion of loss is illustrated through the bed that they shared and where all the magical and exciting moments happened. This creates the emotion of loss because she will no longer be able to relive those moments but instead only has the memories of them and the loss of her husband.

The Crucible vs Real Life

The Salem Witch Trials were an extremely controversial period of time in our history. This was a time of suspicion and accusation of many innocent women and men that led to hysteria and complete turmoil in Salem Village. The Crucible portrays the Salem Witch Trials in a dramatic sense, but there are many similarities between the movie and the actual events. We can use these unusual events to compare to our own lives and learn from the mistakes of our past. I’ve found that although many differences are displayed between the movie and the actual events, the overall theme of The Crucible was accurate.One of the differences was the relationship between John Proctor and Abigail Williams. In the movie, their relationship had a much more intimate history than what actually occurred. They portrayed the pair to have had romantic relations, which created a very large shift in the plot of the movie. In real life, Proctor and Williams had no connection other than living in the same town b efore the witch trials. Also, another major difference was the character of Giles Corey. In the movie, he was pressed to death because he wouldn’t give up a name.In the actual events, Giles survived, but he was excommunicated from the church. He was very against the hangings that occurred, however, his name was re-entered onto the church scrolls in later years. The first similarity I noticed was the character of Reverend Hale. In the beginning, all he wanted was to use his church authority to help the people, but after the events got out of hand, he wanted nothing to do with the Salem Witch Trials. He was a large supporter of John Proctor. Another similarity was that all of this hysteria began in the home of Mr.Samuel Parris, involving his daughters and their friends after incidents of witchcraft in the woods. Arthur Miller, the director of The Crucible, used an â€Å"artistic license† to dramatize the events, and to make the overall movie more interesting to the viewe rs. Some may find this tactic unjust, however, I find that the changes he made didn’t display an inaccurate version of the Salem Witch Trials. The largest change that he made to the story was the love connection between Abigail Williams and John Proctor, and although that was untrue to theactual events, I found that it gave the movie an interesting twist. Besides the few differences, Miller stayed along the lines of the true story when it came to the actual hangings, character significances, and the tale of how the hysteria truly began along with who was primarily involved. When comparing the similarities and differences, numerous situations exist where the movie was spot on with the trials in 1692. Although there are significant differences, I believe that this did not take away from the historical facts, and that Miller properly used his artistic license.The severe lies and accusations which occurred in Salem during these trials appear so extreme that it would be impossible to compare to life today. However, recurrently in our modern day, it seems that some still haven’t learned from the mistakes of the past. Although not as severe as the hangings and false accusations that were shown in the witch trials in Salem, Massachusetts, the â€Å"breaking of charity† still proves to destroy friendships and relationships today. An example of this kind of situation could be a jealous friend starting a nasty rumour.Although it may seem harmless at first, the wildfire of gossip can travel even quicker the friend could imagine. If enough people believe and continue to spread the lie, this person could potentially lose many friends and have a lasting effect on their life, causing sadness and unjust treatment. Not to mention, the relationship between the victim and the rumour-starter would be severed until the situation is fully dissolved. Despite the fact that occurrences of this today rarely lead to death or the destruction of a close-knit town, the repercussions of lies can take a harsh effect on relationships to many people.In conclusion, the details of the actual Salem Trials and the movie The Crucible have many similarities and differences that are portrayed throughout history. I believe that Miller’s use of an â€Å"artistic license† is justifiable, and also think that the events of the witch trials can even compare to situations in life today. It’s possible to learn many lessons from this severe religious type of control, and many different opinions are portrayed throughout both the movie and the actual happenings.

The German Infinitive Verb Form

The German Infinitive Verb Form Just like in English, the German infinitive is the basic form of a verb (schlafen/to sleep). However, it is less frequently found than in English to be accompanied by the preposition zu/to. The following is an overview of specifics pertaining to the German infinitive. The Ending of German Infinitives Most German infinitives end with -en (springen/to jump), but there are also some verbs that end in the infinitive with -ern, -eln, -n (wandern/to wander, hike, sammeln/to collect, sein/to be). Tenses and Moods The German infinitive is used in the following tenses and moods: The future: Er will morgen arbeiten./He wants to work tomorrow.Conjunctive II: Mein Vater mà ¶chte gerne nach Kà ¶ln reisen./My father would like to travel to Cologne.In the passive: Die Tà ¼r sollte verriegelt sein./The door should be locked.In the passive perfect: Das Kind scheint zu spt angekommen zu sein./The child seems to have arrived too late.With modal verbs:  Der Junge soll die Banana essen, aber er will nicht./The boy should eat the banana, but he does not want to. Infinitives as Nouns Infinitives can become nouns. No changes are necessary. Only you must remember to precede the infinitive noun with the article das and to always capitalize it. For example: das Liegen/the lying-down, das Essen- the food, das Fahren/the driving. Infinitives as Subject Some German infinitives can stand in as the subject of a sentence. Some of these are: anfangen, aufhà ¶ren, beginnen, andenken, glauben, hoffen, meinen, vergessen, versuchen. For example: Sie meint, sie hat immer recht./Sie meint, immer recht zu haben: She thinks she is always right. Note: If you say: Sie meint, er hat immer recht you cant replace er with the infinitive since the original subject of the sentence isnt restated. Ich freue mich, dass ich ihn bald wiedersehe./I am happy that I will be able to see him again.Ich freue mich ihn bald wiederzusehen./Im happy to see him again. Conjugated Verb Infinitive Only a handful of verbs can pair up with an infinitive in a German sentence. These verbs are: bleiben, gehen, fahren, lernen, hà ¶ren, sehen, lassen. (Ich bleibe hier sitzen/I will stay sitting here.) Conjunction Infinitive   Phrases with the following conjunctions will always carry a German infinitive, whether it a short or longer phrase: anstatt, ohne, um. For example:   Er versucht ohne seinen Stock zu gehen./He tries to walk without his cane.Sie geht in die Schule, um zu lernen./She goes to school to learn. Noun Infinitive   Sentences with der Spaß and die Lust will carry a German infinitive: Sie hat Lust, heute einkaufen zu gehen./She feels like going shopping today. Sentences with the following nouns will also carry a German infinitive: die Absicht, die Angst, die Freude, die Gelegenheit, der Grund, die Mà ¶glichkeit, die Mà ¼he, das Problem, die Schwierigkeiten, die Zeit. For example: Ich habe Angst dieses alte Auto zu fahren./I am scared to drive this old car.Sie sollte diese Gelegenheit nicht verpassen./She should not miss this opportunity. Exceptions: There will not be an infinitive  if there is a conjunction in the sentence: Es gibt ihr viel Freude, dass er mitgekommen ist./It gives her great joy that he came along.

6 Reasons to Graduate Early From College

6 Reasons to Graduate Early From College Graduating college early is not for everyone. Most students need the full four years, or even five, to complete their education. But for those who have amassed enough credits and have fulfilled their general education and major requirements, there are some reasons for finishing a semester or even a year early. Here are some of the reasons: Saving Money One of the biggest reasons for graduating in less than four years is to save the cost of tuition and housing. The cost of college can put a grave strain on a family’s finances or rack up future debt for the student. By graduating early a student can ease this economic burden and save tens of thousands of dollars. Getting to the Job Market Sooner In addition to saving on tuition, a student who graduates college early can begin earning early. Instead of spending tuition dollars in what would have been their senior year, early graduates can begin earning an income. Interviewing Off Season   In the fall of senior year, there is a big rush to the job market for students graduating in May and June. Students who finish college early and are ready for the job market in January  may find themselves competing in a less crowded field. Applying to Graduate or Professional School Students finishing their bachelors degrees early who plan to apply to graduate or professional school will have more time to prepare for their entrance exams and complete their applications and any interviews that the process requires. Get a Break Many colleges graduate their students in May or June. Full-time jobs for these students sometimes begin only a few weeks later. By graduating early, students give themselves time for a break, perhaps some travel or time with their families or potentially a useful internship. Once  students enter the job market they may have very little vacation time in their new position and graduating early may give them the last block of free time they will have for perhaps many years. Shorten a Very Long Road For students planning to go on to professional or graduate school, particularly medical school, there are many years of schooling ahead. Graduating early offers a break and chance to do something else for a period of time in what is a very long academic journey. Other Things to Keep in Mind These are all good reasons for graduating college early yet while explaining how their students can graduate early, Duke University offers an alternative view, â€Å"Bear in mind that your college years come at a special time in your life and are a rare opportunity for you to engage so freely and intensely in your development, intellectual and otherwise. Think twice before cutting your Duke career short. As an alternative to graduating early, even if you are eligible to do so, you might think about enriching your experience by taking a semester to travel or study abroad.† Sue Shellenbarger, in an article  about exploring early college graduation for the Wall Street Journal, explains that she regrets her decision to graduate in less than four years and explains, â€Å"I went through undergrad school in three and a half years, and I wish now I had done more extracurricular activities and had a little more fun. Our working lives are decades long, and I constantly tell my own two college students that their university days offer an opportunity for reflection and exploration. The one thing early graduates dont need to worry about missing? The graduation ceremony with their class, Most colleges (and any student considering an early graduation should check with their school) are delighted to have early graduates partake in all of the year-end graduation festivities.

African American Studies Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

African American Studies - Assignment Example As Ogbar points out, it is now the case that in the past decade, hip-hop has often "deviated from conventional notions of race," even though race and ethnicity still play a big role (Ogbar, 38). The first section of the chapter deals with the way that definitions of the "real" from the 60s, 70s, and through the 90s. Ogbar argues that hip-hops appeal during its formative years stemmed from the way it pulled from what he labels "black oppositional culture," which opposed "the dominant [white] culture and ideologies" (Ogbar, 39). Because of this, what makes things real in hip-hop is at some level "an intimate familiarity with the urban, working-class landscapes" of the 1970s, as well as basic knowledge of criminal activity in most cases (Ogbar, 39). It is worth noting, however, that hip-hop from the late 90s on has been increasingly political as well, including from commercial rappers who address the problems their ethnic culture faces in "sophisticated and highly racialized discources" (Ogbar, 40). Interestingly, Ogbar also points out that a lot of the essential elements of hip-hop culture came from Puerto Ricans and other non-black ethnicities (Ogbar, 40). This leads into a longer discussion of race, going from what coinstitues a "real nigga" (Ogbar, 44), the rise of gangsta rap (Ogbar, 45), and the effect that a shift from New York City to Los Angeles, with its rampant gangs, heavier chicano presence, had as hip-hop began to feature "raw and bold depiction[s] of ghetto life in postindustrial Los Angeles" (Ogbar, 45). It is especially interesting to see how the group called Cypress Hill, which was made up of Latino artists, used black slang that should have been very offensive, but which ended up making them "the first Latino group to go platinum" (Ogbar, 46). And the way in which Asian-American hip-hop singers do the opposite, by not using black slang at all but still talking out about racism

Numerical Precision Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Numerical Precision - Research Paper Example In order to be concerned with the right resulting solution, Goldberg (1991) asserts that we must consider the memory and the running time of the computer. This issue is further worsened because a lot of computer algorithms add approximations to house discrete computer. Goldberg (1991) adds that Java uses a small unit of IEEE 754 binary floating point standard to signify floating point numbers and explain the results of arithmetic operations. He says that a float is signified by 32 bits and that each mixture of possible bits signify an actual number, meaning that 232 possible real figures can be signified even though there are a lot of markedly actual numbers. IEEE standards do use the inner picture same as scientific code but in binary rather than base 10. This shelters a range from +/-1.40129846432481707e-45 to around +/-3.40282346638528860e+3 and with about 6 or 7 important decimal digits, plus or minus infinity as well as not a number. The number contains ‘s’ denoting plus or minus, 8 bits for advocate ’e’ and then 23 bits for a mantissa ’M.’ Goldberg (1991) adds that the decimal number is represented by the formula given as, (-1)s * m * 2(e-127) , Where; Sign bit ‘s’ (bit 31), Exponent field ‘e’ (bits 30 - 23) and, Mantissa ‘m’ (22 - 0). Floating-point arithmetic is the famous method of representing real figures in the contemporary computers. Faking an immeasurable, real figures with the machine figures is not a job that is forthright, negotiations that are a bit ingenious must be found amid correctness, swiftness, the ease of using it, lively range as well as application and memory. I therefore argue that floating-point arithmetic along well chosen precision, radix or any other limit is a very good negotiation for a lot of numerical implementations. Good memory performance of CPUs is mostly around the locality of the orientation and this is the same with the GPUs though with se veral significant alterations. The figure below shows a comparison of memory performance of the GPU and CPU. Buck (2005) argues that it is the role of cache that gives the difference between the performance in memory of a GPU and that of a CPU. He adds that the cache in the GPU hurries filtering of surface and therefore they need to be so big as the size of the sieve kernel for the surface sampler hat is a little it tiny and being seeded computation. On he other hand, Buck (2005) vows that the GPU cache formats are enhanced for two sizes and are not wanted. This unlike to the Pentium 4 caches that works at a great clock rate with megabytes of statistics. Moreover, he Pentium 4 cache has the ability to read as well as written memory operations unlike GPU cache for read-only surface statistics. Binary Code Decimal is an example of binary indoctrination of decimal figures where every decimal factor is denoted by a secure number of bits, it is always four to eight. The main asset of Bin ary Coded Decimal is a more perfect picture and rounding of decimal units and make it informal for human-readable picture. It with an advantage that one decimal numeral can be signified by the use of

Irish Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Irish Law - Essay Example Case can be referred to the European Court of Justice for final judgments. Commission has general responsibility of promoting good industrial relations in Ireland. In regard it provides a comprehensive range of industrial relations services including advice, conflict resolution,( conciliation facilitation and mediation) and conflict prevention. Conciliation is a voluntary mediation process. In this process, a professional external mediator assists employers and their employees to resolve disputes when their efforts have not succeeded. The process can be described as a facilitated search for agreement between disputing parties. The Labour Relations Commission through its conciliatory process assigns a mediator, known as an Industrial Relations Offices (I.R.O) who acts as an independent, impartial chairperson in discussions and negotiations between the negotiating teams that represent the employer and the employees. Their task is to assist them in their efforts to reach a mutual acceptable settlement to their dispute. For conciliation, a series of meetings are involved that usually take place on the same day. The process starts with industrial relations officer chairing a joint meeting of the parties representing the parties separately. The first meeting enables the IRO to hear the parties assessment of the dispute. Subsequent meetings explore the possibilities for a settlement. . International Law & Conventions International Law which is binding in all members of the United Nations which have been adopted in the members countries have become an important source of Irish Law. Conventions which also require U.N members' ratification have equally become a source of Law in Ireland. The Advisory Powers and Role: The Advisory service division with employers and trade unions in dispute situations to develop effective industrial relations, practices, procedures and structures that best meet their needs. The division is independent, impartial and experienced in industrial relations practice and theory. Discussions with the parties, the staff of the division will tailor assistance to individual union/

Compare and Contrast the different quality philosophy, systems and approaches

Compare and Contrast the different quality philosophy, systems and approaches The various quality approaches and systems are the Deming philosophy, the Juran approach, the Crosby system, six sigma and other approaches. These are the various philosophies that are available to an operations manager in assessing the quality and suitability of systems in an organization that can be applied for increasing efficiency and gains .The various quality approaches are briefly explained as under: Deming Philosophy: Based in improving the products and services by reducing uncertainty and variability in the design and manufacturing processes. Variation is considered the only reason for poor quality. Variations in parts of pieces in manufacturing leads to wear and premature failure. Better quality leads to less rework, fewer delays and better use of factor inputs. It includes profound knowledge consisting of four stages -appreciation for a system, some knowledge of theory of variation, theory of knowledge and psychology. Based on these four aspects Deming had devised 14 points of quality management. (Chambers, Johnston, Slack, 2007) Juran philosophy: The Juran philosophy is based upon the companys current strategic planning and minimum risk in rejections. He states in his quality management program that different employees at different levels of the organization hold different factors as priority top management holds money as important and speaks in money terms, workers hold things as important and mid management holds both the things and money as important and can speak for in money as well as things terms. His method of quality management focuses on the interdependencies of functions of manufacturing, process control, testing and feedbacks and that the quality system needs to be continuous and never ending. The three aspects of quality called quality trilogy are important -quality planning, quality control and quality improvement. (Greasley, 2007) Crosby philosophy: Crosby philosophy on quality management is based upon the absolutes of quality management and basic elements of improvement .The absolutes of quality management are: quality is conformance to requirements not elegance, there is no such thing as a quality problem, no such thing as economics of quality, the only performance measure is cost of quality, the only performance standard is zero defects , and the basic elements of improvement include determination, education and implementation. Six Sigma: It is a quality improvement approach which is a statistical tool and stands for the six standard deviations from the mean .It provides the techniques and tools for improving capability and reducing defects in the industry. Benchmarking: It is a process of measurement of internal processes and then the identification, understanding and adaptation of outstanding practices from the best companies in the industry. ISO 9000:US based quality standards called the Q9000-1994 series were recognized by about 100 countries and also by Japan .These standards were to define quality system that guide a companys performance of specified requirements in areas of design, development, production, installation and service. Continuous improvement: implies that the organization and its efforts are directed in a incremental and breakthrough improvement which is continuous at the sametime. These activities should be a part of daily regular part of daily work, seek to eliminate problems at their source and be driven by opportunities to do better and rectify problems that are needed to be corrected. (Krajewski, Malhotra, Ritzman, 2006) Thus when the regular cycles of planning, execution and evaluation are being conducted a quantifiable measure of continuous improvement needs to be assessed. Kaizen system: It is a system for quality improvement from internal sources and within the firm rather than from outside sources. It means in Japanese change for better. It is also continuous and ongoing improvement. TQM: Total quality management is a description of the culture, attitude and organization of the company that requires quality in all aspects of the operations with things being done right the first time and defects eliminated or eradicated from operations completely. Comparison and Contrast: The various quality philosophies and approaches determine quality to be achieved by the organization in respect of various aspects of quality in an organization and not necessarily dependent on any one approach or philosophy. The philosophy of Deming is a 14 point programme for evaluating and implementing quality and philosophy of Juran emphasizes the importance of quality training for reduction in failure costs, higher productivity and emphasizes data collection and analysis. Whereas the Crosby philosophy implies the behavioral aspects in quality, more emphasis is on management processes for changing culture and attitudes than relying on statistical techniques. But it does not provide finer details on quality management and bases itself on management thinking instead. Thus Crosby approach is more easily fit into the company and does not have implementation problems faced in implementing Deming philosophy but it has issues of being not acceptable worldwide or being that popular. Many issues exist in being able to interpret what ISO 9000 exactly is and its definition whereas few others suggest that its usefulness is questionable considering the high implementation costs in many small and medium sized companies. Although it is being implemented in successful companies by majority and is hugely popular measure/approach. (Shim et al., 1999) In Kaizen approach the human processes are important, processes evolve by gradual changes; improvement is based on statistical and quantitative performance measurement, requires trust between managers and employees. In Six Sigma approach the process of measuring variation is important .It is a statistical tool, quite effective and hugely popular. Benchmarking as a quality approach is a one off exercise not necessarily continuous helps the organization strategically and is outward looking into the industry and market the company serves. Continuous improvement is a learning paradigm which involves learning enhancement by continuous changes in the organization. TQM is an integrated approach to quality, with total resource deployment and no exceptions to quality as a standard. Thus in contrast whereas one of the approaches is a statistical tool other approaches are basic principles on effective management and whereby they take advantage in being specific and distinct from the others at the sametime they lose more on grounds of effectiveness .But many of such approaches do implement successful quality improvements in organizations leading to becoming more popular. For example six sigma was applied in Motorola, benchmarking was started by Xerox etc. (Reid Sanders, 2004) Whereas the kaizen approach involves greater trust from managers and employees alike the stress from TQM is on integration and involvement .On the other hand the continuous improvement is a management paradigm for continuously implementing changes the benchmarking is a standalone exercise in quality assessment and improvement. Thus similar comparisons can be drawn from the quality approaches and philosophies and further analysis can be made. Analyze the differences and evaluate the impact of these differences on innovation, change and competitiveness. The differences of various quality approaches and philosophies indicate that the quality can be measurable from various standpoints and tools of statistics, from various aspects of processes in organization, from output and inputs and from productivity of factor inputs .There is a wide manner of employing quality in an organization and many concepts in management can be applicable here. The most important differences are in being either traditional method, in being a one off measure, an integrated approach, statistical tool, based on manager relations and trust, continuous change and a standard acceptable by the authorities. The impact of these differences on change, innovation and competitiveness can be gauged from various standpoints. The impacts for various change management techniques can be assessed and Realized on these aspects as enumerated below: (Schroeder, 2005) The impact on change of the differences among the quality approaches and philosophies: Change The change in an organization due to quality approaches is evident from the fact that without continuous change and improvement the quality programme would be rendered ineffective. The quality programmes are initiated and lead to changes in organization because of following reasons: I. The change in customer perceptions is ongoing and therefore when an organization accepts the product design and development the first year the changes in preference and buying behavior the next year might suggest that there would indeed be more than the demand for the specific product or service. Therefore the change in demand pattern requires that the company be involved in redesigning of the product afresh and this is costly and time consuming. Hence due to changes in customer perceptions the changes in product design from quality perspective becomes apparent .The various approaches and their differences impact the assurance and reliability of specific approaches for quality programme selection in that the benchmarking approach which is one off is reliable since it can be initiated in few days and can be carried out any time of the year. An integrated approach like TQM on the other hand can address most of changes in demand by being able to be integrated from before the percepti ons of consumer start changing. Kaizen can be applicable but trust and interpersonal relations effectiveness cannot be built in a year and therefore the quality programme and its impact on change in organizations effectiveness might lead to further issues .The statistical tool of Six Sigma is a healthier alternative by being cost effective and easy to implement although both six sigma and ISO 9000 have problems in being interpreted and understood properly. (Schroeder, 1993) II Competition is continuous in the environment or market place implying that for the organization to keep ahead it needs to change implement continuously .Although the market is dynamic the organization faces constraints in time and cost .The impact of various quality programmes is effective for few approaches only like the approach of TQM which is integrative of all the factors in management and organization ,also the approach of Crosby is effective since it is based on the quality standards and thinking style which needs to be effective for management thinking in an organization facing highly competitive market. The approach of Deming and Juran impact if applied only when the organization is ready to implement such programmes due to their traditional nature and the impact takes longer time to predict as both the philosophies have implementation problems. The approach of six sigma, continuous improvement is more applicable and worthwhile when the change becomes highly impacted in s hort period of time and in lesser costs than for other approaches. (Stevenson, 2001) III The change in organizations is also impacted specifically when it is acknowledged that the change in systems and processes however sensibly designed would become obsolete after a time period and the complicacy involved adds to further changes being impacted. The philosophy of Juran and Crosby if implemented have lesser impacts since by then a change managed mindset has evolved as also in TQM and continuous improvement approaches. Whereas for implementing the Deming programme in quality the implementation and successful change management might take few years but once set there could be huge successes .The processes and management thinking if are accepting six sigma and ISO9000 standards then the quality philosophy would impact greatly the change in the structure, processes, culture of the organization and bring simplified answers to complex measurement and qualitative aspects. Competitiveness The differences in philosophies also impact greatly the competitiveness of the organization in different ways .The various philosophies and their impact on the organization with regard to competitiveness is in the following ways: Cost reduction :The Deming, Juran and Crosby approaches imply greater reduction in costs and lead to higher cost efficiencies and scale of operations if applied for few years and having overcome the initial implementation issues. The continuous improvement, Six sigma and ISO9000 standards of quality also improve the effectiveness in costs if applied and interpreted correctly .The kaizen philosophy does not indicate costs reduction that easily since it takes time for trust and long term effectiveness to materialize .The benchmarking process indicates the slack areas pretty quickly and if applied continuously the results can be successful in bringing more competitiveness. Productivity :Out of the given approaches the Crosby and Juran approach lead to greater increase in productivity than the Deming philosophy in short term only whereas the continuous improvement philosophy implies that the competitiveness increases in much lesser time duration and lesser costs .Six sigma and ISO9000 would tend to be better in estimating the level of competitiveness and productivity for the organization .The benchmarking and Continuous improvement approach are also highly recommended for enhancing the productivity and competitiveness in the company. Kaizen philosophy has more than required impact on enhancing competitiveness and productivity as it involves each and every manager and as well as employee. Differentiation: The effect of these quality approaches on product design differentiation is more marked .The product can be classified as custom, option oriented and standard in designs. The design differentiation is applicable for Juran and Crosby philosophy which indicate better results when their impact on implementation for changing custom and option oriented product designs are better than the standard products. Also the Continuous improvement, Kaizen and benchmarking are highly effective in determining the best changes in design for the market is ever changing and the competitiveness based on differentiation strategy could be the marked presence for competing companies. The six sigma and ISO9000 can deliver better if they are combined with a strategic perspective rather being utilized in a standalone environment. Innovation The competitiveness and increase in number of industries competing for market share has increased in the past decade. This has been leading the companies fighting in the market place scenario for developing innovative products and inventions through rigorous research and development programs .The innovations and inventions enhance credibility in a fast changing environment .The philosophy of Juran and Crosby are highly effective whereas Deming philosophy takes time to implement .The six sigma and ISO 9000 have been highly appreciated as being successful programs in delivering innovations and building needs for greater enhancement in quality from new products and services. Whereas the Kaizen philosophy has impacted innovations to a great extent yet the problem of long term applicability from human relations perspective has lessened its applicability. The continuous improvement and benchmarking have found to be effective in developing the new products directly rather than approaching i ssue from other standpoints. (Stevenson, 2008) Recommend actions that organizations might take to improve its existing quality approach with respect to their impact on innovation, change and competitiveness, and identify any areas that need further analysis. The various approaches and quality programmes have been able to deliver their impact on change, competitiveness and innovation .The Company and organizations ability to enhance the quality is stemming from the various issues and situations that the company would necessarily be facing in the real time. Thus for the company and organization to evaluate the different approaches impact and selecting the right combination of strategies would be important. The varied approaches and scenarios would then be based upon following factors: culture, life cycle study of organization, size of organization, money budget, Time period for implementation. Quality programme will be implemented that best suites the organization and its level of management culture and involvement. Thus the Kaizen philosophy which is highly cost effective and has a thinking style would be appreciated if it is applied in an organization which is small to medium size, with sensible budget, has time for evaluating quality responses internally, has an independent and welcoming culture .The programme for Deming philosophy would be best applicable in a large organization with higher budget, greater requirement for innovations and change management and greater time for application .If the culture is appreciable then the quality programme would also be greatly and easily applicable. The benchmarking can be effective along with continuous improvement in the organizations where budgets are limited, highly competitive environment and change is crucial for survival. The Juran and Crosby philosophies are applicable for those companies and organizations where the need for implementing change as cultural factor is important, which have bigger budgets with medium time and conflicts in culture are more marked. The approach of ISO9000 and six sigma are also applicable to firms which have innovation and change management in highly competitive environment, whose budgets are smaller and need for growth is large .The application of TQM is only applicable when it is started early on in an organization since the total quality approach requires greater integration and applicability of the respective quality approach in an organization which is facing budget costs, need for innovation continuously and requires change management as well. It could be a large or small company with limited or unlimited budget. The areas needing further analysis and work in quality improvement in organizations are huge and great in number. One can enumerate few aspects which need to be cleared in the meantime like benchmarking with respect to innovation and cost reduction ,reengineering processes ,measurement of quality from better scales, quality team building and management, quality circles in different organizations, evaluations of quality programmes with respect to availability of data on sales and revenues from including change management and other strategies. This area of research where the availability of multitude of factors impinge upon the given quality level therefore is a growing area of management and developing work in this area would lead to further benefits. (Waters, 1999) Conclusion Due to the nature of quality management as being a latest phenomenon of the 20th century it is a highly unorthodox concept which needs to be evaluated in the light of current changes and improvements in market behavior of suppliers and buyers both at the same time as also the increase in competitiveness and innovativeness in organizations along with increases in change management styles .therefore the study has been important in highlighting the need for quality approach for a particular company from the required abilities and situations .The realization of benefits of the quality programme have been therefore been found as applicable to the organizations operations management which have been able to implement such programmes with success. Success in implementation further depends upon the quality of selection of programme with respect to situation and scenario analysis.Expert advice and comments with the organizations is not available in easy way and has high costs and fees. Thus it is expected that the firm or organization which would be intending to have quality programme for effectiveness in operations would ascertain the applicability of the programme and then buy the programme from a suitable expert or develop one internally. The learning from the quality approaches and philosophies has been greater in recognizing the worth of quality in managing organizations and that is started early onwards quality improvement and correct estimation could lead to better results in long term and strategically positioning the company. The ability of the company in being able to ascertain competitiveness, change management and innovations is highly likely to grow with the years to come as research gathers pace in this area. At the moment the respective situation analysis and proper utilization of correct quality programme is the only actionable criteria. From the above quality study I have gathered that as a manager for a given organization the quality improvement guidelines that I have come across are highly important in making me discover the respective ability and impact on the organization and management. The level of quality improvements and future work that would be applicable would be the concern areas which I would be intending to study as part of my efforts in gaining further knowledge and learning in other disciplines. Although the study has been highly informative and guided through the process I would be of opinion that a larger study on quality management and its imperatives for operations management is further possible.

Baltimore Believe Campaign :: essays papers

Baltimore Believe Campaign The Baltimore Believe Campaign was started in April of 2002. It is a city wide campaign aimed to reduce the amount of drug use in the city. The idea of the â€Å"Believe† campaign has never been tried before. The campaign calls for Baltimore to believe, believe that drugs can be eliminated off of the streets, and drug dealers to be punished. Since the start of the campaign the idea has expanded around the country. Mayor Martin O’Malley has spread his idea around. The Believe Campaign surfaced in April of 2002. By April 14, 2002 the â€Å"Declaration of Independence from Drugs† was released in The Sun Newspaper (Wilber, The Sun). The Baltimore Police Foundation funds the campaign. All around the city there are billboards, trashcans, and bumper stickers with the word â€Å"BELIEVE† on them. The first hearing of the campaign was on April 6th, 2002. In October of 2003 Mayor O’Malley when on a trip to London, he was there to discuss the Baltimore Believe Campaign. London was interested in starting a campaign based on the believe campaign. The campaign is an ongoing part of the Baltimore City Community’s everyday actions. Mayor Martin O’Malley put the idea into motion. As said in a letter from Thomas D. Vicino, from the New York Times, â€Å"Mayor Martin O'Malley's efforts should be applauded. He has conquered the first obstacle in fighting urban decay: recognition of a problem. Keep on believing, Baltimore, because if we don't, how can anything change?† (Vicino, New York Times). There is really no other way to summarize all of the things Mayor O’Malley has done for the campaign. Another important role is the Baltimore Believe Leadership. This group works with the help number, 1-866-BELIEVE, and the campaign by setting up fundraisers and other events. Mayor O’Malley and the Baltimore Believe Leadership hold press conferences to inform the people about what goes on with the Believe Campaign’s progress and areas of concern regularly so the community stays informed on the progress. The community is another big role in the campaign. The communities of Baltimore Ci ty have taken the campaign in and â€Å"believe† it will have a positive affect on their communities. On April 6th, 2002 Mayor O’Malley announced his campaign to clean the streets of Baltimore. The Mayor had acknowledged a huge problem in the city, the drugs on the street were becoming out of control.

How to Set Up a Marketing Plan

Somaliland Youth Development Association (SYDA) Tactical Marketing Plan Presented By: Issaq Gass Plan Overview Practice: Somaliland Policy & Reconstruction Institute (SOPRI) Name of Campaign: Somaliland Youth Development Association (SYDA) Campaign Manager: Issaq Gass Objective The objective is to open a youth complex facility which targets youth development in a country in the Horn of Africa following the market strategies specified in this plan. Target Market Product demographicsAll local schools and universities in the capital city of Hargeisa, local newspapers in the capital city, Somaliland TV, Horn Cable TV, Universal TV (The three major local TV networks in Somaliland), Flyers around every major business in the city, Twitter, Facebook, and Youtube. Target contact demographics 1) Meet with the three major Somaliland TV networks to promote the new complex and benefits for youth joining as members. 2) Flyers all around the capital city of Hargeisa at schools, universities, Major Businesses, and transportation centers. ) Advertise on major Somaliland news websites as an ad. 4) Advertise in the local major newspapers, try to get front page appearance. 5) Create Twitter, Facebook, and YouTube accounts to update news and information about the complex, take advantage of all social network feedback tools to see feedback. For examples likes, comments, tweets, and shares. 6) Discuss the new facility on the Somaliland National Radio. 7) Try to get in touch with the information ministry of the country to get an emailing list of all the youth enrolled in their system. Message SummaryThe Somaliland Policy and Reconstruction Institute (SOPRI) is an independent professional organization founded in Los Angeles, California in 1992 by a group of concerned Somali-Americans and Somalilanders who were deeply committed to help Somaliland. We will sponsor this Somaliland Youth Development Association to spearhead the high unemployment amongst the youth in the country and develop the youth everyday with community to make sure that the youth, regardless of background, has the opportunity to learn, grow and thrive in the country. Call to action Desired outcome?Sell – 50,000 memberships before opening day. Make the facility the new gathering spot for youth to not only offer enrichment programs for the youth but to help them avoid crime, drugs, and violence as well. What is the pull-through offer? Offer 500 free memberships through filling out a lottery online which we would email out to all the youth on the server as well post on all of our social media websites. Process Development list 1) Complete facility by Summer 2013 2) Create Facebook, Twitter, YouTube accounts. 3) Complete communication and deals between target contact demographics. ) Try to get a lot of government influence through our contact list. 5) Reach out to tribal sultans to help them promote amongst the specific tribes in the city. 6) Try to set up an assembly at local schools and univ ersities discussing ways they can create jobs by meeting at the facility to tackle the high unemployment amongst the youth. 7) Set up all interviews in the next few months. 8) Start lottery process for free memberships a month prior to opening. Pre – event follow up Consistently following up with the development list and target contact demographics list to make sure we are on the right path.Making sure we are gaining a lot of support throughout the capital city primarily the youth and parents of the youth. Also, daily check for feedback we might need to respond to via our social media websites. Post – event follow up Seeing if everything is going in the right direction and to see if everything was done and completed as planned. If we have time before opening possibly add more target demographics or make more appearances to broaden targets. SWOT Analysis Strengths: * SOPRI is a well-known and well established organization in Somaliland. We have the trust and support thr oughout the nation. SOPRI’S executive committee members and general members will strive to reach out to all target contacts that we already have a close relationship with for the most part. * Organization members will be working free of charge to help the make this facility a success. * The wide array of experience the members have will help make the process smooth. * SOPRI already has the capital to invest into the project from previous donations and fundraisers. * The Facility will enrich the youth. Weaknesses: * This will be the first time we sponsor a project that requires building a facility. Balancing time to contact the workers and organization members on the ground since time difference is 8 hours. * Lack of experience in this field. Opportunities: * If successful, it will become the first official youth complex in the country. * It will help build the esteem of the organization by tackling high employment rates, creating jobs, and enriching the youth. * It will be a location where the youth of country could meet and hold events. * It will build loyalty for us in the future for other business ventures to the same caliber.Threats: * Local indoor soccer stadiums. * Local gyms. * Local event halls. Project Plan: EVENT| CO-ORDINATOR| ESTIMATED WORK HOURS| Contact local newspapers| SOPRI members on ground| 5| Contact local TV networks| SOPRI members on ground| 1 week| Contact local schools and universities| SOPRI members on ground| 1 week| Create and manage social media| SOPRI Executive Committee| Continuously| Flyer creation and distribution| SOPRI members on ground| 2 months| Contact Somaliland news websites for advertisements| SOPRI Executive Committee| 5 ays| Manage entire marketing campaign| Issaq| Continuously| Distribution: The goal is to have our memberships ready and easily available to students both in K-12 and universities. Memberships will be sold all over the city at every major business office as well as every school district and univer sity. We will also have a website where students could buy it online. The memberships will be available all over Somalilands capital city Hargeisa. Which would make accessibility and exposure a lot easier.There will be 5 mediums of marketing for this facility(press, social media, flyers, emails and television) guaranteeing great exposure and accessibility so that we could capture and gain as many members as possible. Marketing Function and costs Medium| Base Cost| Duration| Total| Somaliland News websites| 0| Continuous| 0| Somaliland Newspapers| 0| Continuous| 0 | Facebook| 0| 0| 0| Twitter| 0| 0| 0| Somaliland TV networks| 0| 0| 0| *Since it’s for a good cause for the nations development a lot of our target contacts agreed for it to be free of charge until the project is completed.Metrics and Expectations: * To gain as many members as possible to help reduce unemployment rates, drug use, and crime in the city. * To enrich the youth through sports, events, tutoring, and gath erings. * To help the youth come together to build business plans of needs throughout the nation so we could then try to sell their ideas to the major corporations and business owners for funding. * Using SOPRI’s existing relationships to make this project a success. * Secure all outlets on our target contact demographics list to successfully reach our market plan strategies.